In order to survive or even win fights in EVE you have to fit your ships according to a strategy and you have to know what strategy the enemy ships are using. It is not possible to fit a ship best. Trying to do that will drive you mad. It is only possible to counter an enemy strategy with your strategy and you have to fit your ship so that it can execute your strategy. Certain combinations of modules fit to your ship are typically associated to certain strategies. I have listed those combinations and strategies below:
Kite
Fitted with: MWD, Disruptor, Nanofibres
AntiKite
MWD, Scram, fast, DPS
HeavyTackle
Tanky, MWD, Scram, downsized guns
FleetBrawl
Tanky, Close Range Weapons, MWD, Scram
WebKite
Web, Disruptor, AB
ScramKite
AB, Web, Scram, speedy
Bait
Max EHP
Interceptor
MWD, Disruptor, Scram, fast
LongRange
GlassCannon Long Range Weapon, Range Extenders and Damage increasing modules
Fleet
Tanky Long Range Mods MWD
Logistics
Ships with Remote Repairers
Ewar
Fitted Weapon Disruption or Dampeners or Neutralizers or Target Painters or ECM
Special Tactics
Most ships can be fit to do several of those strategies. Some are better at one thing than others but it is not really necessary to min max everything as long as you chose the right strategy.
All you have to do now is finding out what your enemy is flying and then you will survive every fight. That’s why I always say in EVE I only die when I want to.
If you want to not only survive but also kill your enemies there is more to it than just strategies. You need to work with positioning, speed and heading of your and the enemy ship. Also you need to work with the psychology of your target. And you need good communication skills. The abilities to multitask and to do micromanagement. And you need to be able to take risks in order to get some practice.